一、pycurl概述
PycURl是一个C语言写的libcurl的python绑定库。libcurl 是一个自由的，并且容易使用的用在客户端的 URL 传输库。它的功能很强大，在PyCURL的主页上介绍的支持的功能有：FTP, FTPS, HTTP, HTTPS, GOPHER, TELNET, DICT, FILE and LDAP. libcurl supports HTTPS certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, kerberos, HTTP form based upload, proxies, cookies, user+password authentication, file transfer resume, http proxy tunneling and more!
由于PycURl 是由C语言原生实现的，所以一般来说会比其会比纯python实现的liburl、liburl2模块快不少，可能也会比Requests的效率更高。特别是使用PycURL的多并发请求时，效率更高。
二、pycurl 的用法
示例1：
以下是一个通过get方法获取大众点评杭州站页面的请求时间统计和字符统计的一个用法，也可以将结果显示，只需要将最后一行的打开即可。
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<ol class="linenums" style="margin-left:0px;"> <li class="L0"> <span class="com">#! /usr/bin/env python</span> </li> <li class="L1"> <span class="com"># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-</span> </li> <li class="L2"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">import</span><span class="pln"> sys</span> </li> <li class="L3"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">import</span><span class="pln"> pycurl</span> </li> <li class="L4"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">import</span><span class="pln"> time</span> </li> <li class="L5"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">Test</span><span class="pun">:</span> </li> <li class="L6"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">def</span><span class="pln"> __init__</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">self</span><span class="pun">):</span> </li> <li class="L7"> <span class="pln"> self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">contents </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">''</span> </li> <li class="L8"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">def</span><span class="pln"> body_callback</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">self</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> buf</span><span class="pun">):</span> </li> <li class="L9"> <span class="pln"> self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">contents </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">contents </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> buf</span> </li> <li class="L0"> <span class="pln">sys</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">stderr</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">write</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"Testing %sn"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">%</span><span class="pln"> pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">version</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L1"> <span class="pln">start_time </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> time</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">time</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L2"> <span class="pln">url </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'http://www.dianping.com/hangzhou'</span> </li> <li class="L3"> <span class="pln">t </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">Test</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L4"> <span class="pln">c </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">Curl</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L5"> <span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">URL</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> url</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L6"> <span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">WRITEFUNCTION</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> t</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">body_callback</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L7"> <span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">perform</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L8"> <span class="pln">end_time </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> time</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">time</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L9"> <span class="pln">duration </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> end_time </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> start_time</span> </li> <li class="L0"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">print</span><span class="pln"> c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getinfo</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">HTTP_CODE</span><span class="pun">),</span><span class="pln"> c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getinfo</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">EFFECTIVE_URL</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L1"> <span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">close</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L2"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">print</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'pycurl takes %s seconds to get %s '</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">%</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">duration</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> url</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L3"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">print</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'lenth of the content is %d'</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">%</span><span class="pln"> len</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">t</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">contents</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L4"> <span class="com">#print(t.contents)</span> </li> </ol> |
示例2
很多站点需要通过cookie识别，这里封装了三个函数，函数1是对cookile进行自动处理的函数，函数2是定主一个get方法，函数3定义一个post方法：
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<ol class="linenums" style="margin-left:0px;"> <li class="L0"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">import</span><span class="pln"> pycurl</span> </li> <li class="L1"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">StringIO</span> </li> <li class="L2"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">import</span><span class="pln"> urllib</span> </li> <li class="L3"> <span class="com">#------------------------自动处理cookile的函数----------------------------------#</span> </li> <li class="L4"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">def</span><span class="pln"> initCurl</span><span class="pun">():</span> </li> <li class="L5"> <span class="str">'''初始化一个pycurl对象，</span> </li> <li class="L6"> <span class="str">尽管urllib2也支持 cookie 但是在登录cas系统时总是失败，并且没有搞清楚失败的原因。</span> </li> <li class="L7"> <span class="str">这里采用pycurl主要是因为pycurl设置了cookie后，可以正常登录Cas系统</span> </li> <li class="L8"> <span class="str">'''</span> </li> <li class="L9"> <span class="pln"> c </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">Curl</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L0"> <span class="pln"> c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">COOKIEFILE</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"cookie_file_name"</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="com">#把cookie保存在该文件中</span> </li> <li class="L1"> <span class="pln"> c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">COOKIEJAR</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"cookie_file_name"</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L2"> <span class="pln"> c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">FOLLOWLOCATION</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#允许跟踪来源</span> </li> <li class="L3"> <span class="pln"> c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">MAXREDIRS</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">5</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L4"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#设置代理 如果有需要请去掉注释，并设置合适的参数</span> </li> <li class="L5"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#c.setopt(pycurl.PROXY, ‘http://11.11.11.11:8080′)</span> </li> <li class="L6"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#c.setopt(pycurl.PROXYUSERPWD, ‘aaa:aaa’)</span> </li> <li class="L7"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">return</span><span class="pln"> c</span> </li> <li class="L8"> <span class="com">#-----------------------------------get函数-----------------------------------#</span> </li> <li class="L9"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">def</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">GetDate</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">curl</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> url</span><span class="pun">):</span> </li> <li class="L0"> <span class="str">'''获得url指定的资源，这里采用了HTTP的GET方法</span> </li> <li class="L1"> <span class="str">'''</span> </li> <li class="L2"> <span class="pln"> head </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="str">'Accept:*/*'</span><span class="pun">,</span> </li> <li class="L3"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0'</span><span class="pun">]</span> </li> <li class="L4"> <span class="pln"> buf </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">StringIO</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">StringIO</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L5"> <span class="pln"> curl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">WRITEFUNCTION</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> buf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">write</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L6"> <span class="pln"> curl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">URL</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> url</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L7"> <span class="pln"> curl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">HTTPHEADER</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> head</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L8"> <span class="pln"> curl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">perform</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L9"> <span class="pln"> the_page </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">buf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getvalue</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L0"> <span class="pln"> buf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">close</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L1"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">return</span><span class="pln"> the_page</span> </li> <li class="L2"> <span class="com">#-----------------------------------post函数-----------------------------------#</span> </li> <li class="L3"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">def</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">PostData</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">curl</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> url</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> data</span><span class="pun">):</span> </li> <li class="L4"> <span class="str">'''提交数据到url，这里使用了HTTP的POST方法</span> </li> <li class="L5"> <span class="str">备注，这里提交的数据为json数据，</span> </li> <li class="L6"> <span class="str">如果需要修改数据类型，请修改head中的数据类型声明</span> </li> <li class="L7"> <span class="str">'''</span> </li> <li class="L8"> <span class="pln"> head </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="str">'Accept:*/*'</span><span class="pun">,</span> </li> <li class="L9"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Content-Type:application/xml'</span><span class="pun">,</span> </li> <li class="L0"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'render:json'</span><span class="pun">,</span> </li> <li class="L1"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'clientType:json'</span><span class="pun">,</span> </li> <li class="L2"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Accept-Charset:GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3'</span><span class="pun">,</span> </li> <li class="L3"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch'</span><span class="pun">,</span> </li> <li class="L4"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8'</span><span class="pun">,</span> </li> <li class="L5"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0'</span><span class="pun">]</span> </li> <li class="L6"> <span class="pln"> buf </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">StringIO</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">StringIO</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L7"> <span class="pln"> curl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">WRITEFUNCTION</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> buf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">write</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L8"> <span class="pln"> curl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">POSTFIELDS</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> data</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L9"> <span class="pln"> curl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">URL</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> url</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L0"> <span class="pln"> curl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">HTTPHEADER</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> head</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L1"> <span class="pln"> curl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">perform</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L2"> <span class="pln"> the_page </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> buf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getvalue</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L3"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">#print the_page</span> </li> <li class="L4"> <span class="pln"> buf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">close</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L5"> <span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">return</span><span class="pln"> the_page</span> </li> <li class="L6"> <span class="com">#-----------------------------------post函数-----------------------------------#</span> </li> <li class="L7"> <span class="pln">c </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> initCurl</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L8"> <span class="pln">html </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">GetDate</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">'http://www.baidu.com'</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L9"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">print</span><span class="pln"> html</span> </li> </ol> |
示例3：
这是一个将短链接转化为实际的url地址的示例
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<ol class="linenums" style="margin-left:0px;"> <li class="L0"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">import</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">StringIO</span> </li> <li class="L1"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">import</span><span class="pln"> pycurl</span> </li> <li class="L2"> <span class="pln">c </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">Curl</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L3"> <span class="pln">str </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">StringIO</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ" style="font-weight:bold;">StringIO</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L4"> <span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">URL</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"http://t.cn/Rhevig4"</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L5"> <span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">WRITEFUNCTION</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> str</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">write</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L6"> <span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setopt</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">FOLLOWLOCATION</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> <li class="L7"> <span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">perform</span><span class="pun">()</span> </li> <li class="L8"> <span class="kwd" style="font-weight:bold;">print</span><span class="pln"> c</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getinfo</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">pycurl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">EFFECTIVE_URL</span><span class="pun">)</span> </li> </ol> |
