虽然Composer使得我们可以重用很多现有的类库（例如packagist.org中的），但是我们仍然可能用到一些不兼容composer的包或者类库。另外在某一项目中，我们也可能会创建某一类库，而且可能并没有制作成为composer package 的打算。这个时候我们可以通过以下方式来使用自己的特有类库。
增加可直接实例化的类
有些需要直接在项目中使用的类，可以通过以下方式增加到Laravel中
- 创建类库文件app/libraries/class/myClass.php
- 写入文件内容
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<span class="cp"><span class="pun"><?</span><span class="pln">php</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="k"><span class="kwd">class</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="nc"><span class="typ">Message</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">{</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="k"><span class="kwd">public</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="k"><span class="kwd">static</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="k"><span class="kwd">function</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="nf"><span class="pln">display</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">()</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">{</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">}</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">}</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="cp"><span class="pun">?></span></span><span class="x"></span> |
- 在app/start/globals.php中增加类导入路径
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<span class="cp"><span class="pun"><?</span><span class="pln">php</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="nx"><span class="typ">ClassLoader</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">::</span></span><span class="na"><span class="pln">addDirectories</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">(</span></span><span class="k"><span class="pln">array</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">(</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="nx"><span class="pln">app_path</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">()</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">.</span></span><span class="s1"><span class="str">'/commands'</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="nx"><span class="pln">app_path</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">()</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">.</span></span><span class="s1"><span class="str">'/controllers'</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="nx"><span class="pln">app_path</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">()</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">.</span></span><span class="s1"><span class="str">'/models'</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="nx"><span class="pln">app_path</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">()</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">.</span></span><span class="s1"><span class="str">'/database/seeds'</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="nx"><span class="pln">app_path</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">()</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">.</span></span><span class="s1"><span class="str">'/libaries/class'</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="c1"><span class="com">// 在这里增加</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">));</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="cp"><span class="pun">?></span></span><span class="x"></span> |
- 在composer.json中增加autoload目录
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<span class="s2"><span class="str">"autoload"</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">:</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">{</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"classmap"</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">:</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">[</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/commands"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/controllers"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/models"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/database/migrations"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/database/seeds"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/tests/TestCase.php"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/libraries/class"</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="c1"><span class="com">//在这里增加</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">]</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">},</span></span> |
- 执行composer dump-autoload来创建导入映射
- 使用自己导入的类直接调用Message::display()即可
这种方法同样也是增加队列类的方法，很多人不知道Laravel中队列处理类应该放在哪里，其实按照上面的方法，在app目录下创建一个queues目录，然后让其可以直接实例化即可
增加可直接调用的函数
有人喜欢用v()来代替var_dump()，想要在Laravel中这么做也非常容易
- 创建一个函数文件app/libraries/function/helper.php
- 写入文件内容
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<span class="cp"><span class="pun"><?</span><span class="pln">php</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="k"><span class="kwd">function</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="nf"><span class="pln">v</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">(</span></span><span class="nv"><span class="pln">$msg</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">){</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="nb"><span class="pln">var_dump</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">(</span></span><span class="nv"><span class="pln">$msg</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">);</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">}</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="cp"><span class="pun">?></span></span><span class="x"></span> |
- 把文件增加到composer自动导入列表中
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<span class="s2"><span class="str">"autoload"</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">:</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">{</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"classmap"</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">:</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">[</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">...</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">],</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"files"</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">:</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">[</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/libraries/function/helper.php"</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">],</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">},</span></span> |
或者在项目中显示require这个文件。打开app/start/global.php，在末尾增加：
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<span class="kwd">require</span><span class="pln"> app_path</span><span class="pun">().</span><span class="str">'/libraries/function/helper.php'</span><span class="pun">;</span> |
个人感觉这两种方式都OK，如果想要控制这个文件加载的时间，甚至可以在filter.php文件中增加以下内容
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<span class="typ">App</span><span class="pun">::</span><span class="pln">before</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">function</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln"> $request </span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">require</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"{$GLOBALS['app']['path.base']}/app/libraries/function/helper.php"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">});</span> |
- 在项目中直接使用函数v(‘hello world’);
增加稍微复杂的类库
有的时候一个类库不仅仅是一个文件那么简单，因此下面的方式更加适合有多个文件多个结构的类库。
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<span class="pln">libraries </span><span class="typ">Myapp</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Search</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">note directory </span><span class="kwd">is</span><span class="pln"> capitalized</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Search</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php </span><span class="typ">SearchFacade</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php </span><span class="typ">SearchServiceProvider</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php </span><span class="typ">AnotherLib</span> |
Myapp/Search/Search.php中Search类的命名空间为Myapp\Search。
- 修改composer中autoload
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<span class="s2"><span class="str">"autoload"</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">:</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">{</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"classmap"</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">:</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">[</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/commands"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/controllers"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/models"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/libraries"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/database/migrations"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/database/seeds"</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/tests/TestCase.php"</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">]</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">,</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"psr-0"</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">:</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">{</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"Myapp"</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pun">:</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="s2"><span class="str">"app/libraries"</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">}</span></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pun">},</span></span> |
- 在项目中使用new Myapp\Search\Search()来实例化某一类
总结
虽然Laravel没有强制哪种方式最好，但是有一定的标准可以使得项目结构清晰，多人合作开发时省去很多交流成本。
